Philosophy of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Reasoning of Leadership - Essay Example Given the vitality of a pioneer, there exists a thirst in gatherings and associations that should be soothed. This thirst is the steady journey of gatherings and associations to have what they regard to be the ideal one. There is this consistent want of gatherings to have the pioneer completely appropriate for them. It is forever their craving to achieve achievement which lies huge in their chosen chief. No association or gathering will accomplish accomplishment without a skillful pioneer that is driving the route for them. This consistent inquiry of associations and gatherings in having a decent skilled pioneer drives us to address: What is then the embodiment of an able pioneer This paper will attempt to respond to such question and will attempt to disentangle the quintessence of a genuine innovator with regards to a pioneer's viewpoint and the individual initiative way of thinking of the creator. Right away, let us presently start our conversation starting with a pioneer's viewpoint, at that point taking a gander at the individual way of thinking of the creator lastly taking a gander at the two viewpoints as far as shared trait and attempt to separate the most ideal method of depicting the pith of a pioneer. The pioneer met was a quiet and humble pioneer. He was pleasing to the point that that the questioner in a flash felt ease in managing him. He portrayed his initiative as a law based, facilitative and mandate authority. His administration style is vote based as it were that he offers opportunity to his individuals. Opportunity is showed in the reality the he energizes inventive intuition from his individuals. His individuals are permitted to conceptualize thoughts with respect to the means required by the association in taking the way towards progress. He refered to one model in advertising. He said that in selling their items, he doesn't just depend on his trainings and capacity yet in addition requests techniques and thoughts from his individuals. His individuals are allowed to recommend activity anticipates how they will advance and sell their items. Actually, he requires every part to present an activity plan on showcasing. He additionally underlined that he advances a climate of free reasoning. He doesn't give a lot of strain to his individuals. He accepts that free reasoning can advance a more beneficial condition for his individuals and will let them accomplish better finishes in their undertaking of making progress. He gives undertakings in a way that his individuals appreciate doing it. In any case, he additionally underlined that opportunity is constrained to the degree that there is consistently discipline in his individuals. The opportunity that he gives isn't outright on the grounds that he generally needs order to be bannered by his individuals. A lot of opportunity as he said will now and again make a part disorderly enough to demolish the association's craving for progress. He gave accentuation on discipline since he considered it extremely indispensable to progress. It is additionally in discipline that he sees the explanation in accomplishing an opportune objective. Order advances effectiveness that will empower the association to accomplish their objectives in the evaluated measure of time they put in accomplishing it. Proficiency is noteworthy all together for the association not to burn through cash and time in any objective that must be achieved. His initiative style additionally flags a facilitative way. This implies in light of the fact that he is advancing an opportunity of deduction in the association, he doesn't in every case direct however more often than not encourages. Being a

Maker

Expenses Payment System of Red Link Institute of Science and Technology: A proposed examination toward electronic Payment System Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The innovation today assumes a fundamental job in our general public. It makes man work simpler and quick. It decreases blunder of work by utilizing machines. It lessens expenses to an association from paper works up to electronic working framework. Numerous manual exchanges can be mechanized by utilizing programming applications or PC frameworks to make work simpler and efficient.It additionally causes human to take care of and comprehend complex issue and examination such us the computational need of people. Finance is a case of an unpredictable exchange since it is a basic business activity managing various records and produce bounty and secret documents. Applying manual technique on a Payroll exchange including the huge beat answer in that issue would be PC since PCs can mimic huge information and can proce ss complex exchange in a quick and effective way.It can produce various records and information precisely. A Computerized Payment System won't just give precise count and quick procedure of Payroll exchange yet it will make sure about information through security usage and appropriately mastermind records gave by a very much structured database that will deliver a paperless domain. Articulation of the Problems The basic issue of the investigation is the means by which to improve the manual preparing arrangement of observing of understudy expenses installment of The Red Link Institute of Science and Technology. 1.Time expending process for the installment The Red Link Institute of Science Technology despite everything utilizing the manual technique for expenses installment process. A great deal of occupations are allocated to the finance producer and bookkeeping assistant, with cause’s bother to their administrations. In this technique, it will require additional time and labo r to finish the finance of every worker. 2. Arduous installment process Nobody could concede the certain reality that what makes the manual method set aside a long effort to complete the assignment is because of the numerous means and procedures to undergo.There is the assortment of information, for example, DTR, REMITTANCES, and individual manual estimation of finance. Singular information is moved through sheets, encoding and twofold checking in the wake of figuring. This procedure requires work and exertion to finish the errand. 3. Misposting and downplaying of employee’s information The coherent procedure of manual system result to a lot of time utilization. It customarily bring about misposting and downplaying of every representative information of a lot of documents that is difficult to oblige. Targets of the StudyThis study is planned to structure and build up a Computerized Payment System for Red Link Institute of Science and Technology. In particular, this examinatio n points: 1†¢ To limit the exertion of the User in handling the Payment Form. 2†¢ To make an effective and exact calculation of Payment. 3. To make an all around orchestrated database and to actualize solid security of the framework for information security. Centrality of the Study The proposed framework will enable the bookkeeping to area. It will assist with decreasing the time and exertion of the School staff getting ready installments of Students.The System create can suit changing figures and produce a paperless domain through well structure database. To Proponents This examination will assist the defenders with enhancing the capacity on the most proficient method to make a justifiable modernized framework in a simple manner. This will serve to the advocates as a test to do a superior framework. To the next Researcher This examination offers information to the specialist on the most proficient method to make a Computerized System in justifiable manner. This will fill in as a new ground for the analyst whose review will be connected in the field of Information Technology.

Dear Applicants The College Essay

Dear Applicants The College Essay Breathe… If you have submitted your application, go to 1. If you are planning to submit your application, go to 2. If you’re writing your college essay, go to 3.   3 How can you describe your essence in 250 words? 100 words? Every word is precious. Every sentence is about who you are.  You’re putting yourself on paper. Recognize the things you did and fell in love with. The traits that make you whole. Does that sound scary? To me it did. I doubted each one of my essays. Re-wrote drafts. Edited the main essay so many times that, by submission time, it did not even make sense. Here are some essay tips to consider (in no particular order): Don’t apply as a fictional character. You know, the one with the pure 4.0, 2400, 36. The Captain, President, Leader. The one dedicated to excellence and service. Decorated with medals and ribbons on graduation. Youve heard of them, havent you? Do the stats and titles make you want to be their friend and classmate? Dont invent a character. Describe yourself. (from part 2) Be authentic. Be original. But if you need to choose, be authentic. A Yale admissions officer said that once. Write strong. Be confident. Use the active voice. Avoid “I think” and “I believe.” Don’t try to explain yourself, either. There isn’t space or time for uncertainty. The college essay is yours. For more, see this writing advice from Chuck Palahniuk. Highlight what constitutes you. Highlight teamwork. Highlight passions. Highlight quirks. You can’t fit everything into a college essay, so select what matters most. Escape the five-paragraph essay prison. The college essay is personal. It’s not English class anymore. Let loose your creativity and passion. Don’t make it persuasive or compare and contrast. Use the personal pronoun I with caution. I know thats hard. I also know that I dislike using “I” just as much as I dislike putting prepositions at the ends of sentences and phrases. See how annoying I sound if I use “I” too much? The essay is about you, but it’s also about the people and the places that made you yourself. MIT wants to create a team (proof here) And, really, you couldn’t have done this “life thing alone. “Don’t write about your time in prison.” I heard this in a video once. There are plenty topics and stories you can choose. Most of them work. But there are some you can’t (or shouldn’t) pull off. That doesn’t mean you should strive to be original above all. But be aware: if you’re trying to describe overcoming illness while mentoring the young as the captain of the swim team every Saturday morning, you may not be on your own. Don’t read the “top 50” college essays. I did that too much. As if comparing my work to the work of those accepted to the Ivy Leagues could help me determine my chances. Who selected the top 50 anyway? Not the admissions officers. Not the students, because no one has access to all admitted applicants essays. Don’t read the anthology. It won’t help at all. Find a voice that is both personal and professional. A formal and dramatic tone is not required. For example, my Common Application essay ended with “weird is the greatest compliment.” It told future me that “it’s best to be excited.” It had one paragraph dedicated to parks in the fall and one dedicated to hugs. Now, what will you sound like? Don’t indulge in exquisite words. Leave them on the SAT. You’re writing a personal statement and, personally, you will probably not call a fire “conflagration” and a colleague “confrere.” Use the gorgeous and the fanciful in moderation. Your statement should sound natural, not ancient. Reuse and recycle with caution. Odds are, if you apply to, say, ten colleges, you will eventually try to reuse your essays (even though that’s not advisable, officially). Make sure you adjust the essays for every use. All colleges value different qualities. Your supplementary essays can’t be applicable to every institution. Cut, cut, cut the extras. Extra words are wasteful in a 150-word essay. Consider this sentence, for example: “The sun was painfully bright and brutally hot as we went down the cobbled streets and its scorching rays had the intention to burn us to a cinder.” It’s a little too much, right? Minimalist applicants are at an advantage. Don’t over-describe. That shiny red coat with golden buttons you wore on the day your life changed forever may be essential to your memory, but not your essay. Place yourself in your reader’s position. Do you want to know everything the character wore/saw/smelled? What do you want to know? Mind the flow. Every tale has a rhythm to it. Sentences vary in length. Some are short, especially those with an essential point. Others are long, descriptive. Words grow and shrink. Paragraphs contain one sentence (forget English class rules) or five. Feel them flow and blend within your story. “Flow” is a feeling you get as a reader. Sense it as a writer as well. Keep it simple, structurally. One sign your statement is not simple: semi-colons. If you want to use them, learn how to  here. But consider what Kurt Vonnegut  said: “Here is a lesson in creative writing. First rule: Do not use semicolons. They are transvestite hermaphrodites representing absolutely nothing. All they do is show youve been to college.” Avoid repetition. Make friends with a thesaurus. Monitor word usage (especially for common words like say or student). Replace repeating words if necessary. Try not to use a word more than once. I used the word word six times already. Dont do that. Grammar. Spelling. Punctuation. They. Are. Important. Check that:  (1)  your essay is written in a consistent tense (“I sat on a cow. She moos.” ? “I sat on a cow. She mooed.”); (2)  the following are all correctly used: your vs you’re, they’re vs there vs their,  it’s vs its, effects vs affects, etc; (3)  you did not apply “that” to living beings (“She’s the one that got accepted.” ? She’s the one who got accepted.) (For more, heed the wisdom of The Oatmeal here) Get inspired. Some of my favorite (and most helpful) advice writings: (1) The excellent College Essay: Yogurt Edition blog post from Chris S. 11 here; (2) David Foster Wallaces This Is Water speech here; (3) Chuck Palahniuks essay  on minimalist writing  here.  Who are your favorite authors? Practice. Polish. Start again. Discard the essay that doesn’t sound quite right. Choose a different story. Experiment. Even if you spend hours on one piece, it may never be fixed. So start over. Write in a flurry of inspiration. Edit. Let go This list is by no means complete or comprehensive. Read advice from other sources, especially from your favorite writers. Ask your friends, family, advisors, and teachers for feedback. When inspiration strikes, write. Tell us your tale. May the muse be with you always! Your story is now part of MIT. (P.S.: Thank you, Gayle from the Bay Area, for inspiring this post!)

Divine Right of Kings in Oedipus and Modern Society

When the president talks to God Do they drink beer and go play golf While they pick which countries to invade Which Muslim souls still can be saved? I guess God just calls a spade a spade When the president talks to God. (Oberst) The concept of the divine right of kings has been impacting history in both literature and politics throughout the ages. Today, this concept is reemerging in contemporary American politics through the presidency of George W. Bush. The divine right of kings can be defined as the right to rule derived directly from God, rather than through the consent of the people. Many historians concede that the concept of the divine right of kings first appeared in the Greek drama Oedipus Tyrannous. As Oedipus Tyrannous opens,†¦show more content†¦In an article in Time magazine, author Michael Duffy writes, Bush has always preferred his poison straight up or down, good vs. bad, dead or alive, youre either with us or youre with the terrorists, Duffy goes on, Privately, Bush even talked of being chosen by the grace of God to lead at that moment.[September 11th] (Duffy). While researching his article, Duffy had interviewed more than a dozen senior Republican Party operatives, people who advis e and support the president and talk regularly to him and his inner circle. These statements have helped to ensure Bush the support of most conservative voters. With this substantial amount of support, Bush has been granted a more than substantial amount of power. President Bush made his priorities clear on NBCs Meet the Press when he stated, I am a war presidentÂ…with war on my mind (Scheer). In October of 2002, President Bush spoke before Congress in an effort to pass the Iraq War Resolution. This bill would grant President Bush absolute power and authority over military actions and war in Iraq. The bill was ratified on October 16, 2002, justifying war under the pretenses that Iraqs WMD supply directly threatened the United States. Shockingly, Bushs proposed Iraq War Resolution passed with very little debate. However, Congressman Neil Abercrombie voted against what he referred to as a blank check bill. In a statement before Congress, heShow MoreRelated Fate Versus Free Will Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesThe play, Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, stars a young man, Oedipus, who appears to be the pawn of the gods. In Ode four (27-31), the chorus comments on Oedipus’ state: And now of all men ever known Most pitiful is this man’s story: His fortunes are most changed, his state Fallen to a low slave’s Ground under bitter fate. Every aspect of Oedipus’ life and everyone he loves eventually suffers from a horrible fate predicted by the gods. However, did Oedipus have to suffer his fateRead MoreOedipus the King1315 Words   |  6 Pages20, 2007 The tragedy of Oedipus Sophocles is one of the best and most well-known ancient Greek tragedians. He influenced the development of drama especially by adding a third character and thereby reducing the importance of the chorus in the presentation of the plot. Even though he wrote 123 plays, he is mostly famous for his three plays concerning Oedipus and Antigone: these are often known as the Theban plays or The Oedipus Cycle. One of these plays is â€Å"Oedipus the King†, which will be discussedRead MoreSophocles Oedipus Rex: The Epic and Tragic Hero in Myth and Culture2021 Words   |  8 PagesOutline- Background to story and structure Thesis the hero as both epic and tragic Oedipus Rex Theme and Plot The Epic and Tragic Hero in Myth and Culture How myth is ingrained, purpose Oedipus as a tragic Hero Formation of myth and commonalities with the everyman Aristotelian definition of hero Conclusions How Aristotles definition fits Oedipus Background- Within the rubric of the human experience we can find a number of commonalities that relate to psychology, culture, and the mannerRead MorePolynices Should Be Buried In Sophocless Antigone1681 Words   |  7 Pages exposed to the elements for the wild dogs and vultures to tear apart his body. The play opens at the end of Polynices’ attempted invasion, which made him a traitor of Thebes, and it is revealed that both Polynices and Eteocles had fallen. The new king of Thebes, Creon, decrees that Eteocles will be buried with honored, but Polynices will be left unburied and exposed to the elements. Antigone tells Ismene, her sister, that Eteocles, they, say, has been given full military honors, rightly so—CreonRead MoreRight Against Right in Antigone by Sophocles Essay example1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe German philosopher Hegel stated that the play Antigone written by Sophocles represents the tragic collision of right against right, with both sides equally justified. The play begins with tragedy and ends the same way. Polyneices and Eteocles were brothers whom killed each other in combat over the power of the throne. Creon, the brothers’ uncle, was the following family member to occupy the throne. But he did not desire the same pattern to repeat itself. Therefore he created a decree which punishedRead MoreAntigone : A Portrait Of Ancient Greece2905 Words   |  12 PagesAncient Greece often employed the use of drama and conflict to illustrate tales relevant to the society at the time. The playwright Sophocles is a prime example of this. In his tragedy Antigone, Sophocles tackles issues such as th e role of the gods, the proper behavior of women, and the power of a leader. These motifs not only add value to the narrative, but offer the reader a glimpse of the state of Greek society of the time. Artifacts such as the ones found at the Penn Museum of Archaeology and AnthropologyRead MoreThe Role Of Women During The Play A Doll House 2110 Words   |  9 Pagesconcept that for the society of the time the role of women was to take care of the children and wait for their husbands. The main character is a bourgeois woman, Nora; she is represented like a victim, oppressed by the society and so decides to leave her role in the family, in which she was treated like a doll, to find her real identity. She is also oppressed by her husband Torvald that manipulates her. Torvald has an important job, (he works in a bank), a good position in society and has many responsibilitiesRead More Comparing Sophocles Antigone and Jean Anouilhs Antigone Essay2293 Words   |  10 PagesBoth Sophocles and Jean Anouilh use the simple story-line of a girl defying her uncle and king in the face of death to reflect upon the events and attitudes of their days. Sophocles Antigone models the classical pattern of tragedy by incorporating key elements such as a tragic hero with a fatal flaw and the Man-God-Society triangle. Creon is the tragic hero who disturbs the natural harmony of Thebes by denying Polyneices a funeral. Antigone is the catalyst who forces him to reckon with the consequencesRead MoreA Feminist Reading of Sophocles Antigone Essay1754 Words   |  8 Pagesdisagree over when the feminist movement began, most agree that it was sometime in the past two centuries. The feminist movement has generally, and often successfully, sought equality between sexes. For example, the womens movement has won women the right to vote, moved women out of the kitchen, and, in many ways, made women socioeconomically competitive with men. Nonetheless, all such gains, and the womens (or feminist ) movement itself are largely products of the last 200 years. However, women whoRead MoreThemes of Antigone2022 Words   |  9 PagesThe Themes of Antigone Antigone is credited as one of the best works of Sophocles, ranked by most modern critics above Oedipus the King. There are many aspects of Antigone that make it the play critics love to decipher and rave about. Antigone must be received as the canon of ancient tragedy: no tragedy of antiquity that we possess approaches it in pure idealism, or in harmony of artistic development hails critic Berhardy (Theatre History). He goes on to rave It is the first poem produced by

The World Trade Organization Essay - 1779 Words

The World Trade Organization is an intergovernmental organization that is mandated with the responsibility of regulating international trade. Each country in the world is considered to be endowed with limited resources that make it impossible for these countries to produce each and every good and service that they deem essential for their citizens’ consumption. It is on the basis of different and limited resource endowment that countries embark on the process of trading amongst themselves so as to export what they have in abundance to other countries and to import what their lack. The formation of the World Trade Organization was officially done on 1st January, 1995, and was done under the Marrakesh Agreement (Abreu, 1998). The organization, nevertheless, came into existence after about 124 member countries came together and agreed to form the organization. It is worth noting that the WTO was formed so as to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which comm enced its operation in 1948. The formation of WTO can be traced back to the Bretton Woods Conference in which prominent economists such as John Maynard Keynes and Harry White advocated for the formation of a controlled international trade environment. They also recommended the formation of a strong global financial institution that could effectively cater for the financial issues of different countries across the world. The predecessor of the WTO, which was the GATT, was, thus, formed after theShow MoreRelatedThe World Trade Organization1270 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Trade Organization Different countries and regions of the world have relationships based on global and international trade through trading organizations. World Trade has been a crucial part of the economy and many different programs have tried to find an effective way for free trade to occur. Based on previous programs since 1914, and new goals formed recently, the World Trade Organization has found the most powerful and effective way since 1995 to conduct free trade internationally. TheRead MoreThe World Trade Organization951 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Trade has been a cornerstone of our growth and global development. But we will not be able to sustain this growth if it favours the few, and not the many.† - Barrack Obama Barrack Obama, President of the United States addressed the consequence that in order for trade to help spur development in the world today, it must not only help The World Trade Organisation is an international organisation whose motive is to promote open and free trade by convincing nations to eradicate import tariffs InRead MoreWorld Trade Organization ( Wto )1577 Words   |  7 PagesWorld Trade Organization On January 1st, 1995 is when something genius was invented called The World Trade Organization s (WTO) which is the main worldwide universal association managing the tenets of exchange between countries. The World Trade Organization basically supplanted the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which had been in power subsequent to 1948, a couple of years after the Second World War. Prior to when the WTO was made, an activity to begin something comparable knownRead MoreThe World Trade Organization ( Wto )1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe World Trade Organization (WTO) is a global organization that helps countries and producers of goods deal fairly and smoothly with conducting their business across international borders. It mainly does this through WTO agreements, which are negotiated and signed by a large majority of the trading nations in the world. The purpose of the WTO is to ensure that global trade commences freely, smoothly and predictably while also aiming to create econ omic peace and stability in the world through a multilateralRead MoreBenefits of the World Trade Organization1054 Words   |  5 PagesBenefits of the World Trade Organization By Mike Harrison One of the biggest firms associated with globalization is the World Trade Organization. The World Trade Organization is the only international body that deals with the rules of trading between nations. It has evolved over the past half century into an entity that contract with the trade of services, intellectual property as well as its original intent of the trade of goods. The WTO controls most trade in the world today through overRead MoreThe World Trade Organization ( Wto )1466 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Globalization has been one of the most import reasons why the world has become a place where everyone can communicate with each other, travel to places in a shorter period of time than before and have a massive variety of goods and services provided to, from which they can choose. Globalization opened a door and created a civilization that can bring people together and created all kinds of resources accessible to everyone. Technology improves every day and these helped countries toRead MoreThe World Trade Organization ( Wto )1345 Words   |  6 PagesThe World Trade Organization (WTO) is the most powerful legislative and judicial body in the world. It is an international organization that established to supervise and liberalize international trade. In total, there were 159 membership countries of the WTO in 2013. The WTO was created as part of the result of the Uruguay Round negotiations that concluded on 15th of December 1993. It was officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under t he Marrakech Agreement, and resulted from a series of GeneralRead MoreEssay on The World Trade Organization579 Words   |  3 Pages World Trade Organization (WTO) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. The World Trade Organization came into being in 1995. One of the youngest of the international organizations, the WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in theRead MoreThe World Trade Organization ( Wto )1640 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Due to the global world starting to become one it seems as though every country wants to participate in the trading system. It is currently the biggest phenomenon. Many countries that want to join the trading sector are afraid of some of the issues that comes with it such as laws and regulations that do not align with other countries. Countries have now started to join the World Trade organization (WTO) to help them integrate into the trading sector and help them with laws and regulationsRead MoreWorld Trade Organization Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesWorld Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO), is an international organization designed to supervise and liberalize international trade. The WTO came into being on January 1, 1995, and is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was created in 1947, and continued to operate for almost five decades as a de facto international organization. The World Trade Organization deals with the rules of trade between nations at a near-global level; it

Psycological View of the Movie Groundhog Day Free Essays

The objective of this paper is to explain the psychological view of the movie, Groundhog Day. The main character of the film is Bill Murray and is directed by Harold Ramis and released in 1993. The movie takes place in the small town of Punxsatawney during the winter season. We will write a custom essay sample on Psycological View of the Movie Groundhog Day or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the movie has a very powerful message, I did not like it. Phil (Bill Murray), a weather man for an American TV station, is sent to Punxsatawney to cover a local Groundhog Day ceremony. The very skeptical weatherman regretfully accepts the assignment and travel to the town. Once he makes his report he proceeds to his hotel and goes to bed looking forward to returning home the next day. In an effort to leave the town and any memories relating to the town the weatherman is forced to stay another night due to a snowstorm. After awakening the next morning Phil realizes that it is still Groundhog Day, again and again. After living one day over and over again, Phil meets two drunken guys at a bar. These two guys enlighten Phil on the idea that living the same day over and over would give him a chance to do all the things he ever wanted to do without any consequences. After days of appalling behavior, Phil finally realizes that even those acts will not take away the terrible reality that he seems to never progress in life. He then tries to kill himself, which does not work either. A dramatic twist in the movie happens during a recurring report. The name of the groundhog (Phil), carved in wood, appeared directly about Phil’s, the weatherman, head. This scene seemed to be showing the fact that the weatherman is living a shadow of himself just as the groundhog. The shadow is a way for Phil to see himself a hopefully make a difference. These recurring events bring upon love for Phil and his anchor lady, Rita. He eventually tells her about the returning life events and they decide that she would spend the entire day with him to be an â€Å"objective witness†. They fall asleep in bed together; however, the next morning he awakens, it’s still Groundhog Day and Rita is not in bed with him. Beginning to accept the negativity of his life, Phil begins to turn his negative aspects into more positive ones. After accepting his imperfections, Phil was now able to use his imprisoned energy to find a new strength (care and compassion). He also learns that humans are privileged to be able to improve themselves. The valuable moral of this movie is the journey to awareness. Phil being aware of his imperfections allowed for him to change his behavior, thus move on into a new and more beautiful day. The chapter I think best fits this film is Chapter 10 – Personality. Personality is the complex characteristics that define a person. According to Sigmund Freud, each person has a certain amount of psychological energy that develops into three structures of personality (the id, the ego, and the superego). The id is unconscious and present at birth and come from two instinctual drives: the life instinct and the death instinct. After discovering his recurring life events, Phil decides to live life to its fullest potential by doing whatever he wanted with the aspect of never having to face any consequences. A while after realizing that his bad actions were getting him no where he decides to try and end his life with numerous attempts including jumping off a tall building. These acts were driven by the pleasure principle which is the motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension or discomfort. The ego is party conscious and regulates thoughts and behavior and is most in tune with the demands of the external world. Phil finds ways to satisfy whatever desires he wanted in life. For example, he did not want to be bothered by the insurance agent so he gave the guy and uncomfortable hug to run him away. Another example of Phil’s ego is how he used his knowledge of recurring events to make Rita fall for him. The superego is also partly conscious; however, it’s the internal, parental voice that helps one decipher right from wrong. Superego is more vastly known as your conscience. Phil’s superego kicks in when he realizes that being self centered was helping him to progress in life. Superego allowed Phil to judge his own behavior and live up to his morals. Although the film posed a very good lesson, I did not like it. If I would have watch the movie for pleasure rather than for a report I probably would have turn it off in the second scene because I saw no real importance of the recurring events. Having someone awake day after day to the same thing was king of mediocre to me. I would have much rather seen a movie that posed the exact same message, yet in a different approach. How to cite Psycological View of the Movie Groundhog Day, Essay examples Psycological View of the Movie Groundhog Day Free Essays The objective of this paper is to explain the psychological view of the movie, Groundhog Day. The main character of the film is Bill Murray and is directed by Harold Ramis and released in 1993. The movie takes place in the small town of Punxsatawney during the winter season. We will write a custom essay sample on Psycological View of the Movie Groundhog Day or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the movie has a very powerful message, I did not like it. Phil (Bill Murray), a weather man for an American TV station, is sent to Punxsatawney to cover a local Groundhog Day ceremony. The very skeptical weatherman regretfully accepts the assignment and travel to the town. Once he makes his report he proceeds to his hotel and goes to bed looking forward to returning home the next day. In an effort to leave the town and any memories relating to the town the weatherman is forced to stay another night due to a snowstorm. After awakening the next morning Phil realizes that it is still Groundhog Day, again and again. After living one day over and over again, Phil meets two drunken guys at a bar. These two guys enlighten Phil on the idea that living the same day over and over would give him a chance to do all the things he ever wanted to do without any consequences. After days of appalling behavior, Phil finally realizes that even those acts will not take away the terrible reality that he seems to never progress in life. He then tries to kill himself, which does not work either. A dramatic twist in the movie happens during a recurring report. The name of the groundhog (Phil), carved in wood, appeared directly about Phil’s, the weatherman, head. This scene seemed to be showing the fact that the weatherman is living a shadow of himself just as the groundhog. The shadow is a way for Phil to see himself a hopefully make a difference. These recurring events bring upon love for Phil and his anchor lady, Rita. He eventually tells her about the returning life events and they decide that she would spend the entire day with him to be an â€Å"objective witness†. They fall asleep in bed together; however, the next morning he awakens, it’s still Groundhog Day and Rita is not in bed with him. Beginning to accept the negativity of his life, Phil begins to turn his negative aspects into more positive ones. After accepting his imperfections, Phil was now able to use his imprisoned energy to find a new strength (care and compassion). He also learns that humans are privileged to be able to improve themselves. The valuable moral of this movie is the journey to awareness. Phil being aware of his imperfections allowed for him to change his behavior, thus move on into a new and more beautiful day. The chapter I think best fits this film is Chapter 10 – Personality. Personality is the complex characteristics that define a person. According to Sigmund Freud, each person has a certain amount of psychological energy that develops into three structures of personality (the id, the ego, and the superego). The id is unconscious and present at birth and come from two instinctual drives: the life instinct and the death instinct. After discovering his recurring life events, Phil decides to live life to its fullest potential by doing whatever he wanted with the aspect of never having to face any consequences. A while after realizing that his bad actions were getting him no where he decides to try and end his life with numerous attempts including jumping off a tall building. These acts were driven by the pleasure principle which is the motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension or discomfort. The ego is party conscious and regulates thoughts and behavior and is most in tune with the demands of the external world. Phil finds ways to satisfy whatever desires he wanted in life. For example, he did not want to be bothered by the insurance agent so he gave the guy and uncomfortable hug to run him away. Another example of Phil’s ego is how he used his knowledge of recurring events to make Rita fall for him. The superego is also partly conscious; however, it’s the internal, parental voice that helps one decipher right from wrong. Superego is more vastly known as your conscience. Phil’s superego kicks in when he realizes that being self centered was helping him to progress in life. Superego allowed Phil to judge his own behavior and live up to his morals. Although the film posed a very good lesson, I did not like it. If I would have watch the movie for pleasure rather than for a report I probably would have turn it off in the second scene because I saw no real importance of the recurring events. Having someone awake day after day to the same thing was king of mediocre to me. I would have much rather seen a movie that posed the exact same message, yet in a different approach. How to cite Psycological View of the Movie Groundhog Day, Papers

Internship Report on Zong Pakistan free essay sample

Groups individuals according to the occasions when they purchase, use or think of buying a product. 2. Benefits Sought : Groups individuals according to the benefits they seek from the product. 3. Usage Rate : Groups individuals according to the level of usage they make of the product, be it Heavy, Medium or Light usage. 4. User Status : Groups individuals according to whether they are non-users, potential users, first-time users, regular users, or ex-users of a productLoyalty Status : Groups individuals according to their level of loyalty to the product. Hard core loyals always purchase the product / brand in question. Whilst Soft core loyals will sometimes purchase another brand, and Switchers will not specifically seek out a particular brand, but rather purchase the brand available to them at time of need, or that which was on sale. 6. Buyer Readiness Stage : Groups individuals according to their readiness to purchase the product. This segmentation model is particularly useful in formulating and monitoring the marketing communication strategies employed to move consumers towards purchase of a product or brand. We will write a custom essay sample on Internship Report on Zong Pakistan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Role of Segmentation: Segmentation is the first step towards customer understanding, which allows organisations to build healthy relationships with their customers. Money is made by keeping customers, and the whole idea of segmenting customers in order to build customer relationships is to turn it into a mutually satisfying relationship, says Ovum analyst (David Bradshaw, 2000).

Private and Public Spheres in Sociology

Private and Public Spheres in Sociology Within sociology, public and private spheres are thought of as two distinct realms in which people operate on a daily basis. The basic distinction between them is that the public sphere is the realm of politics where strangers come together to engage in the free exchange of ideas, and is open to everyone, whereas the private sphere is a smaller, typically enclosed realm (like a home) that is only open to those who have permission to enter it. Origins of the Concept The concept of distinct public and private spheres can be traced back to the ancient Greeks, who defined the public as the political realm where the direction of society and its rules and laws were debated and decided upon, and the private as the realm of the family and economic relations. However, how we define the distinction within sociology has changed over time. Within sociology how we define the private and public spheres is largely due to the work of the German sociologist Jà ¼rgen Habermas. A student of critical theory and the Frankfurt School, he published a book in 1962,  The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, that is considered the key text on the matter. Public Sphere According to Habermas, the public sphere, as a place where the free exchange of ideas and debate happens, is the cornerstone of democracy. It is, he wrote, made up of private people gathered together as a public and articulating the needs of society with the state. From this public sphere grows a public authority that dictates the values, ideals, and goals of a given society. The will of the people is expressed within it and emerges out of it. As such, a public sphere must have no regard for the  status  of the participants, be focused on common concerns, and be inclusiveall can participate. In his book, Habermas argues that the public sphere actually took shape within the private sphere, as the practice of discussing literature, philosophy, and politics among family and guests became a common practice. These practices then left the private sphere and effectively created a public sphere when men started engaging in them outside of the home. In 18th Century Europe, the spread of coffeehouses across the continent and Britain created a place where the Western public sphere first took shape in modern time. There, men engaged in discussions of politics and markets, and much of what we know today as laws of property, trade, and the ideals of democracy were crafted in those spaces. Private Sphere On the flip side, the private sphere is the realm of family and home life that is, in theory, free of the influence of government and other social institutions. In this realm, ones responsibility is to oneself and the other members of ones household, and work and exchange can take place within the home in a way that is separate from the economy of the greater society. However, the boundary between the public and private sphere is not fixed but is flexible and permeable, and is always fluctuating and evolving. Its important to note that women were almost uniformly excluded from participating in the public sphere when it first emerged, and so the private sphere, the home, was considered the womans realm. This is why, historically, women had to fight for the right to vote in order to participate in politics, and why gender stereotypes about women belonging in the home linger today. Historically within the U.S. people of color and others perceived as different or deviant have been excluded from participating in the public sphere too. Though progress in terms of inclusion has been made over time, we see the lingering effects of historical exclusion in the over-representation of white men in the U.S. congress. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

5 Points to Hit in Your Resignation Letter

5 Points to Hit in Your Resignation Letter Dear boss:I quit. Love, meWhile this note cuts to the chase, it’s not ideal. Your resignation letter should have a number of elements in it to ensure that your transition out is as smooth as possible, and that it sets you up for your next phase. Here are five elements your resignation letter should include.1. The factsStart with a statement of what role you’re leaving, and when. You might have had an unofficial discussion with your manager already, but it’s best to make things as clear and official as possible in your note. You don’t need to go into any detail about what you’re doing next (leaving for a new company, quitting to raise alpacas, etc.). You might end up telling people your next-step plans, but this is not relevant for your on-the-record resignation letter.2. A gracious toneNo matter why you’re leaving and no matter how angry or frustrated you might be, keep it on an even keel. This is not a time to burn any bridges. I promise you it is a very small world out there, and a goodbye missive full of personal insults, angry accusations, and general unpleasantness could definitely come back to haunt you.3. A thank youAgain, this resignation note is not the place for bitterness. I was once in the position of leaving a company when I felt like I’d been, well, shafted by someone in a position of authority. On my last day, as I was writing a goodbye note, I took the time to thank that person (albeit not as effusively as I might have otherwise), and I’m still glad I did. It might have felt therapeutic for a few minutes to have left a snotty and sarcastic parting word, but that wasn’t really me- and wasn’t what I wanted to be later on. No matter what specific grievances are going on, always take the time to thank someone for the opportunity you were given in this position. Be grateful for what you’ve learned, and shut the door gently behind you.4. A timelineYour company may have a mini mum notice requirement, which makes this part especially important. The timeline may end up being different in the end (maybe you won’t need to stay the full two weeks or however long), but it’s best to get the timing in writing in case there are any questions later from your manager, HR, etc.5. A planIf your resignation is a surprise to your manager and colleagues, an outline of the next few weeks shows you’ve put some thought into your exit plan. Also, it can help smooth any upset caused by your news. Offering a kind of succession plan (â€Å"I’m happy to spend time documenting my processes and training anyone on my day-to-day tasks over the next two weeks†) can help your boss manage the transition as well.Think of your resignation letter (or email) as your official transition to your next step- even more so than accepting a new job. Once it’s in writing, you’re already looking beyond your current role, so it’s time to let go of any drama. Similarly, it’s not a party time, either. The resignation letter is a way to remind yourself (and show your boss) that you will be handling the transition with professionalism and grace- and no swears.

Security Risk Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Security Risk Management - Case Study Example In this essay, I am going to highlight a successful Risk Management project undertaken by us in the Kumtor Operating Company, a prime value asset and gold mine of Kyrgyzstan. The company, due to its valuable product and huge future potential, was fraught with many risk factors. External ones included rising Islamic militancy and vulnerability due to close proximity of US forces fighting was against terror at Bishkek. On the other hand, internal risk factors included security of the gold production and storage facilities, corruption, lack of insurance against loss and many such mitigating factors. Our role as security managers was to prepare loss prevention techniques after applying critical risk assessment theories, and using the relevant ones to achieve the aim. Risk Management in our context was to include both external and internal aspects of Kumtor Operating Company. Gold mining in a developing country is always full of many intangible risks owing to a high value product. Unless the management takes a proactive stance in this regards, the losses to the company from the within itself can be monumental. Adding the external dimensions make the costs of losses absolutely prohibitive for the company. Hence, in this essay I have discussed how each aspect of risk was appreciated correctly and resolved after due consideration of all associated factors. The four strategies of Risk Avoidance, Risk Reduction, Risk Transfer and Risk Retention were applied to each existing risk factor after due deliberations, and a detailed Risk Management and loss prevention plan was worked out, discussed with the authorities and implemented after convincing the top bosses of its rationale and effectiveness for allocation of necessary budget. A situation exists today where the losses due to management of mining process have reduced unbelievably thereby directly benefiting t he company both financially and security wise. The loss prevention program thus necessitated to first bring out the specific risk factors relevant in our context. While most such risks could have been dealt with from within the resources, a certain amount of external help would be required sooner or later. Further, after assessing the risks, the most important task was to classify them accurately into four types of risk management strategies. Optimum classification would ensure that the future action plan would be economically most suitable for the company and beneficial in the long run. While some risks can be avoided and reduced, some inherent risks may have to be retained due to adverse tilt of cost vs. benefit analysis. At the same time, some risks would be too heavy to bear and would need to be transferred to an insuring agency. Hence, we now commenced our ground work for loss prevention plan on a war footing. (Risk Management strategies) Kumtor Operating Company Kyrgyzstan is an ex-soviet satellite state that became independent in 1992 and is now called the Kyrgyz Republic. The Kyrgyz Republic is geographically bordered to the North, North West by Kazakhstan, to the South West

PPD3 Career Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

PPD3 Career Management - Essay Example The second behavioral characteristics depicts a higher consciousness over liking and my personality is displayed as being more authentic and vigilant rather than relying on personal senses over definite vital matters. The third behavioral characteristic that I possess includes modest reasoning over sentiments. This aspect depicts my considerate nature on decision making rather than concentrating on my deeds to straightforward attitudes and self-made perspective. The SHL capability field demonstrates few areas where I have anticipated suitability while the others show major flaws. Decision making, conceptualization and managing are my major flaws areas. To sum up, I need to succeed in the information technology area as I have shown an average score. Despite of being capable of satisfying few applications in IT, I require to show excellence in these areas. I require a great performance scope in this practical field (Wanberg, Kanfer and Banas, 2000). I believe that it is increasingly important to possess certain skills that will help me to get a better job, to accomplish something and to open new horizons which will add to my professional abilities (Sturges, Conway, Guest and Liefooghe, 2005). I have obtained my personal skills from my knowledge, experience and communication. The table below depicts my skills audit results. It shows that I have strong communication skills including listening skills, presentation skills and feedback skills. I also have innovative problem solving skills such as describing an analytical problem, realising reasons of a problem and develop creative option to solve such problems. To sum up, it can be stated that many new technological developments have transformed the personal knowledge management. The personal and professional audit depicts the possibilities of a person and also the equivalent perspectives. Many jobs that offer us the right experience for

Long Bone Fractures in Children: IN Fentanyl Treatment

Long Bone Fractures in Children: IN Fentanyl Treatment Introduction The clichà © that states children are just small adults is certainly not true in the case of long bone fractures. A childs experience of long bone fractures is dramatically different from that of an adult on account of their rapidly developing physiology (Wood et al 2003). This rapid development results in biochemical and physiological differences between a childs and an adults skeleton, the mechanisms of fracture and healing, are an important component of their treatment needs and consequently crucial part of emergency care management (Bonadio et al 2001). In addition, children, from infancy through to adolescence, have common fracture patterns related to their stage of development. The structural differences between the bones of a child and an adult enable childrens bones to endure greater forces and to heal quicker a childs remodeling potential supports full recovery with limited or no long term side effects from long bone fractures (Lane et al 1998). Injuries of all types are the second leading cause of hospitalization among children younger than 15 years (Landin 1997). Musculoskeletal trauma, although rarely fatal, accounts for 10% to 25% of all childhood injuries (McDonnell 1997, Landin 1997, Lane et al 1998). Boys have a 40% risk and girls a 25% risk of incurring a fracture before the age of 16 years (Landin 1997, Ritsema et al 2007). The most common site of fracture is the distal forearm which accounts for 50% of paediatric fractures. The rates of fracture increases with age as children grow; peaking in early adolescence. Fortunately, most fractures in children are minor greenstick and torus fractures constitute approximately 50% of all fractures in children (Landin 1997, Lane et al 1998, Gasc Depalokos1999, Richards et al 2006) and only 20% require reduction. Thus, the management of paediatric fractures is often straightforward. Without exception children will experience pain at the time of injury, attending the accident and emergency department and during recovery. The most common pain management strategies involve a multi-modal approach that includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological components delivered via the least invasive technique (Worlock et al 2000). In practice this includes oral medication, such as oramorph, paracetamol, and NSAIDs, inhaled entonox, intranasal diamorphine (IND) or intravenous opioid where necessary and distraction with age appropriate devices, such as interactive books, bubbles, music and computer games in older children. Notably, IND is currently embraced as the key route of opioid delivery for children attending AED with fracture pain in the UK British Association for Accident and Emergency Medicine (BAAM E 2002). Parents and guardians of children frequently seek care in AED for the relief of pain from traumatic injuries and as a result the field of emergency medicine has assumed a leadership role in paediatric pain management. However, despite this the literature suggests the provision of pain relief for children attending AED remains suboptimal when compared to adults with the same injuries. Further discrepancies are reported between paediatric accident and emergency departments (PAED) and district general accident and emergency departments (DGAED) (Emergency Triage 2004). One reason suggested for these differences is the geographic distribution of specialised services, which are predominantly located in large cities where they are affiliated with universities. However, a recent audit by the British Association for Emergency Medicine (BAAEM 2005) of their guideline for the management of pain in children shows inconsistencies in provision of analgesia particularly for fracture pain throughout the country with no measurable difference between PAED and DGAED. A key feature of this guideline is the algorithm which advocates the use of IN diamorphine for acute moderate to severe pain in children over the age of one year (see appendix 1). The whole topic of analgesia in the paediatric population is complex and still imperfect especially in acute moderate to severe pain requiring urgent treatment in the emergency department (Schechter et al 2002). The road to pain free suffering is still paved with impediments such as failure of pain recognition and methods of delivery of analgesia (Murat et al 2003). Oral administration can be inadequate in an emergency situation with particular limitations in potential choice of drug and delay in gastric absorption and gastric emptying. Intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) administration can be distressing to children and have been shown to influence future response to painful procedures (Gidron et al 1995, McGrath et al 2000, Fitzgerald et al 2005, Walker et al 2007). Rectal administration has limited acceptability given unpredictability of onset together with occasional problems of consent (Mitchell et al. 1995). By contrast, the efficacy and safety of the IN route has been well documented for desmopression acetate (DDAVP), insulin, antihistamines, midazolam and calcitonin (Jewkes et al 2004, Loryman et al 2006). In contrast, intranasal administration has a number of advantages. It is technically straightforward, socially acceptable and demonstrably effective. The nasal mucosa is richly vascular and administration by this route avoids the first-pass metabolism phenomenon Summary Studies in the 1990s such as Yearly Ellis (1992) have also demonstrated the efficacy of administration of intranasal medication via a nasal spray rather than drops in adults, although the efficacy of this application in the paediatric population remains to be proven. Intranasal administration is possibly the ideal route of analgesic administration in children. Currently, within the accident and emergency department (AED) of Bristol Royal Hospital for Children (BRHC) intranasal diamorphine is used as the first rescue analgesia in the paediatric population presenting with acute moderate to severe pain, most frequently in patients with long bone fractures who do not require intravenous access for resuscitation. Diamorphine is a semi synthetic derivative of morphine with a number of properties that render it a desirable analgesic agent for administration via the nasal route. It is a weak base with a pKa of 7.83 and is water soluble allowing high concentration to be administered in small volume (Rook et al 2006). Unfortunately the legal use of diamorphine is limited to two European countries i.e. United Kingdom (UK) and Sweden. Furthermore periodic problems with its availability during the past few years (with further shortfalls in availability predicted by the NHS purchasing and supply agency) have resulted in an alternative efficacious analgesia being sought for this population. Fentanyl, however, is a short rapidly acting opiate has several qualities that render it useful as an IN analgesia and a potential candidate to replace IN diamorphine in the AED for acute facture pain management in children. It has a very high lipid solubility, potency and diffusion fraction, and unlike diamorphine it is not a prodrug and does not cause histamine release (Reynolds et al 1999). Assessment of a patients pain experience is not directly accessible to others, collecting and analyzing information about the processes of pain relief and pain prevention is not straightforward and presents significant challenges to health care professionals. In children, this task is further complicated by their varied stages of physical and cognitive development. Recent research by Bruce Frank (2004) however, has shown that the ability to measure pain in the paediatric population has improved dramatically and that today there now exists a plethora of age appropriate pain assessment tools for acute pain in children ranging from pre-term infants to adolescents, the majority claiming validity (strength and robustness) and reliability (consistency). However, most clinical research into pain management strategies continue to rely on the gold standard self report and visual analogy score tools (mostly 0-10) (Chalkiadis 2001, Walker et al 2007). Although these tools are reliable they are not always adapted appropriately for a childs stage of development. Childrens understanding of pain and their ability to describe pain change with increasing age in a developmental pattern consistent with the characteristics of Piagets preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational stages in cognitive development (Smith et al 2003). The quality or int ensity of the pain can be difficult to determine in children, as most tools rely upon a patients relative judgment between the intensity of present pain versus a patients worst pain experience (Murray et al 1996). These tools can therefore be unreliable where a childs age of development means they have limited or no memory of pain experience. Stevens et al (2002) recently described a conflict of understanding that resulted in a study bias and an insignificant reported power of (p=0.6). In the study an 8 year old boy had chosen the VAS (0-10) but frequently reported his score as 10, although he understood the increasing value of the scoring system further questioning identified he perceived 10 of 10 to be a good score and 0 of 10 to be poor. The boy was at a stage of development that limited his understanding of less is more. This case highlights the importance of utilizing a pain assessment technique that reliably accounts for a childs age of development. A preliminary search of literature suggests there is currently exists limited research to support for the use of intranasal diamorphine or intranasal fentanyl for the management of acute pain in long bone fracture in children as evidenced based medicine. Despite this lack of evidence it remains a key strategy within paediatric AED for the pain management of long bone fractures and is anecdotally reported as a gold standard for paediatric pain management. Therefore; its lack of availability could profoundly compromise pain management for this population. Thus, this extended literature review will examine the efficacy of intranasal fentanyl as an alternative to intranasal diamorphine for traumatic fracture pain in children attending accident and emergency departments. However, in these days of evidence based medicine, it clearly needs to be established beyond all reasonable doubt. In view of that only research into paediatrics will be included increasing the credibility of its applicat ion to practice. SEARCH STRATEGY A range of complimentary search techniques were used to capture key research including a systematic electronic literature search of the Cochrane library, Embase, CINAHL, Proquest, Medline, PubMed since 1990 up to 2009 (this has to be to year of submission). The scope of the search was extended beyond the recognised five years of current research so as to include the empirical work into the development of IN analgesia in children. Key words used included the following: pain, acute pain management, intranasal diamorphine, intranasal fentanyl, procedural, accident and emergency, emergency department, child, pediatric, paediatric, child and fracture pain, as well as various combinations. In addition, in order to ensure the completeness of the search, an internet search was completed using the Google search engine, IASP, Pain Journal, Paediatric Nursing, BAAEM, NICE, Medline, EBM; the RCN was also utilised. Backward chaining of references found was also performed to ensure all relevant papers were identified. Although this review identified twenty seven citations it should be noted that historically there are fewer Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT) in children compared to adults possibly due to problems gaining ethical approval and consent. Additionally even experienced researchers will be unable to find all relevant papers and much research is not submitted for publication. The studies identified were divided into the three modalities of IN route, IN diamorphine and IN fentanyl with the majority presenting evidence for the IN route. All papers were critiqued using a tool published by the Learning and Development Department within the Public Health Resource Unit of the NHS (www.phru.nhs.uk/casp). The tool facilitated critiquing different forms of quantitative research and is based on work by Sackett (1986), Sackett et al (1996) and Phillips et al (2008) (see appendix 2). The results of the critique process for each paper and level of evidence applied in line with the modalities they address informed understanding of current practice and development of a research proposal. STRUCTURE OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW This literature review will focus on determining whether IN fentanyl is an effective alternative to IN diamorphine for the management of long bone fracture pain in children attending an AED. The scope of the literature review considers literature from 1990 onwards although occasionally earlier research has been referenced. Given the limited available evidence on the topic the following review structure has been selected. Chapters 1, 2 3 will present the evidence sourced on each theme intranasal route, intranasal diamorphine and intranasal fentanyl with a short summary to conclude each chapter. Chapter 4 will present an in-depth discussion and conclusion on the utility of the evidence, its application to practice and the requirement for a multi-centred comparative randomised control trial to improve the credibility of the evidence base for this field of treatment. Finally chapter 5 will present a research proposal for a comparative study of these modalities. Intranasal (IN) route of medication delivery in children. Nasal administration of drugs has been reported as having several significant advantages over current practice which are predominately oral, IM, IV and rectal (Williams Rowbotham 1998). It is emerging as a low-tech, inexpensive and non-invasive first line method for managing either pain or other medical problems (Wolf et al 2006). Nasal medication delivery takes a middle path between slow onset oral medications and invasive, highly skilled delivery of intravenous medications. The nose has a very rich vascular supply, IN facilitates direct absorption to the systemic blood supply due to increased bio-availability of the drug by missing first pass metabolism, It avoids the potentially technically difficult of sterile intravenous access, is essentially painless and is considered acceptable to children when compared to other routes of administration (Shelly Paech 2006) (see table 1). a theory which will be considered when reviewing the studies within this chapter Therefore suggesting th e IN route will result in therapeutic drug levels, effective treatment of seizures and pain without the need to give an injection or a pill, furthermore; it is quite inexpensive, an advantage in this era of increasingly expensive medical technology (Shelly Paech 2006). Additionally given the complexity of the developing child and the known consequence of poorly managed pain on the future responses to pain the IN route does, if it is as efficacious and as safe as suggested offer one of the most acceptable, definitive forms of analgesia delivery in children. The degree of accuracy of the previous statements will be established within this chapter by critically reviewing the 16 studies identified on IN medications other than intranasal diamorphine or intranasal fentanyl in the paediatric population (see table 2) as these agents are considered individually in later chapters. The rigour of the studies will be addressed within this chapter and reflect the level of evidence applied according to Sackett (1986) criteria (see appendix 3). Most studies reviewed were randomised clinical trials and in some cases compared against a placebo Conversely, this does not concur with the trials discussed earlier (Lahat et al 1998, Al-rakaf et al 2001, Fisgin et al 2002, Mahmoudian and Zadeh 2004 and Holsti et al 2007) where significant dosing was applied or in Wilson et al (2004) who retrospectively studied 30 children age 2-16 years receiving 0.3mg/kg at 5mg/1ml INM and 13 patients receiving rectal 0.2mg/kg diazepam for seizures. The authors report equal efficacy for both routes. Success of these agents was considered on cessation of seizures, no reported complication and not needing to attend A+E. A total of 27/30 families who had used INM found it effective and easy to use. Although 20/24 (83%) who had previously used rectal diazepam still preferred it mostly due to the coughing and the volume of liquid administered via the IN route. Given it is generally considered that the optimum IN dose as stated above is 0.1- 0.2 ml per nostril, all but the studies discussed so far were using drug concentration and dosing regimes whic h resulted in large volumes of liquid being dripped in to the nasal cavity. This is particularly poignant in Wilson et al (2003) who compared buccal to IN midazolam in 53 children aged 3-12 years experiencing seizures lasting > 5 minutes attending AED. A key feature of this study is the mean age of the children (age 9 years), mean weight (24kg) the study drug concentration as with previous studies was of 5mg /ml. IN dosing was at a dose of 0.3mg/kg. Given these figure the average dose would have been 7.2mg = a volume of 1.4ml being administered. Since the comparative route of administration for this study was buccal there is a possibility that part of the IN dose was buccally absorbed therefore creating a flaw in this study methodology, raising questions over why this comparative route was chosen and suggesting the only real conclusion to be taken from this particular study is buccal midazolam is effective and safe in children. Furthermore although this is described as a blind RCT and the authors claim the time to cessation of seizure was quicker for the INM group 2.43 (SD 1.67) to 3.52 (SD 2.14) for buccal route there is little detail on the blinding process or data collection procedure suggesting the rigour of the study maybe flawed therefore the efficacy and safety claimed for the IN route should not be embraced without further study. On the other hand Fisgin et al (2002) and Hardord et al (2004) compared the INM with rectal diazepam. In Fisgin et al (2002) in an unblinded RCT equivalence study the authors compared INM with rectal Diazepam to ascertain the safety and efficacy of INM for the development of a clinical protocol in the management of prolonged seizure in children attending the AED. Forty five infants and children age 1 month -13years experiencing prolonged seizures > 10 minutes were either given INM 0.2mg/kg or rectal diazepam 0.3mg/kg. The authors report proven efficacy (p Intranasal Diamorphine (IND) The delivery of opioids via the IN route is perhaps one of the most valuable indications for IN medication delivery. Acute pain is a frequent experience for children whether attending an AED, hospital and hospice setting (Hamer et al 1997). Furthermore it is not unusual for them to experience frequent episodes of breakthrough pain which requires additional support from fast acting analgesic agents. Owing to the developmental and physiological difference in the paediatric population there is a need for a variety of effective treatment option from which to select and individualise the patients therapy to meet their needs. IN opioid is simply one such option available which may be useful in children. It has been suggested that the delivery of medications via the IN route results in rapid absorption with medication levels within the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) being comparable with (IV) administration (Chien and Chang 1997). Diamorphine hydrochloride is a semi-synthetic derivative of morphine. It is extremely hydrophilic, which makes it ideal to use when preparing in high concentrations in solution, thus allowing high doses to be administered in smaller volumes via the intranasal route (Kendall Latter 2003). However, this route of administration can be a painful process as reported by adults (Henry et al 1998). Despite this the intranasal route is considered more acceptable to children and their parents and is thought to lessen the opioid side effect profile seen in IV administration (Stoker et al 2008). This concept has been well recognised throughout the UK and many centres already use intranasal diamorphine for acute pain in children, following the guidelines by the British Association for Accident and Emergency Medicine Clinical Effectiveness Committee (2002) (BAAEM). Although the administration of intranasal diamorphine is now a first line choice for moderate to severe acute pain for children atten ding AED, as is the case within our institution, there is very limited research to substantiate this practice although as noted above it has been readily accepted by the BAAEM for acute pain management in children and very successfully used within our institution A recent shortage of diamorphine evoked the search for an equally effective and acceptable alternative. Early research in animals and adults reported pharmacokinetics of nebulised inhalation and intranasal administration of diamorphine as detected morphine in plasma at six minutes (Masters et al 1988, Kendall 2001). Despite the age of this research and the fact that the later study was in adults, it is still quoted as creditable evidence to support this practice in paediatrics. However the legitimacy of this should be questioned, due to children not being just small adults but have physiological differences intrinsic to their age and stage of development which may affect the bodys absorption and level of toxicity in different ways to adults. The extensive literature search highlighted four randomized controlled trials (RCT) that demonstrate IND to be clinically superior to intramuscular morphine and inferior to IV morphine particularly in the management of acute pain in children, a case study of an 8 year old boy and clinical audit of IND for pain relief in children attending AED (see table 3). The key methodology in the RCTs by Wilson et al (1997), Kendall et al (2001), Brennan et al (2004) and Brennan et al (2005) suggest these are superiority studies where the authors hypothesised improved pain management with the IND when compared to a variety of routes. The rigour of the studies will be discussed later in the chapter. Although while the critiquing process takes place it is fundamentally accepted that RCT are considered level 1 or 2 evidence as opposed to case study or audits at Level 3b and therefore generally sourced to Latest published clinical evidence to support the use IND in the paediatric population is presented in an audit by Gahir Ranson (2006) of 54 children whose care was managed by the use of an integrated care pathway for acute pain management while attending the local AED. This integrated care pathway focused strongly on the use of IND. Data collection was on a one page performa and included consent, date, patient demographic, pain score and side effect profile. Data collection was retrospective and data analysis illustrated limited recording of side effect profile but improved pain scores. However only 60% of patients have this information documented so data collection was difficult. Despite this lack of hard evidence no clinical incident, including the side effect profiles, were reported. Thus suggesting the practice of IND for acute fracture pain management in children could be safe, effective and more acceptable to children than the more painful alternative of IM or IV administration. However there is limited strength in an audit, other than a review of practice (Bowling Ebrahim 2005) and in this case a key feature for review should be the documentation process in the department as there were facets in the care pathway administration documentation missing. Therefore this audit suggests that IND is safe and effective pain management for children, but this conclusion can not be categorically drawn from the limited data available. The potential outcome of this audit could be education on documentation, to do a more rigours prospective audit of practice. Unfortunately at this point it only offers an insight to their clinical practice which is favourable for this agent and route. Albeit as noted before IND has improved childrens pain management and over all experience of acute care in our PAED additionally as with the results of the audit we have experienced no side effects or complications, further highlighting the importance of seeking an alternative to IND which offers equally efficacy. Intranasal Fentanyl (INF) Monitoring of the usual observations and pain scoring in the child was recorded prior to the administration of fentanyl (20 micrograms for 3-7 year olds and 40 micrograms for 8-16 yrs) and continued at 5 minute intervals for the 30 minute period. Additional doses of fentanyl (20  µg) were available if required at 5 minute intervals. Pain assessment was achieved with two validated pain assessment tools, the visual analogue scale (VAS) in older children and the Wong-Baker Faces (WBF) for younger children. Both are reliable and known to support consistency in pain assessment. Though there was no mention of training for those assessing this primary end point using these tools in the paper therefore this should be considered in the overview of the standard of evidence produced by this study. Additionally although forty five patients were randomized following consent unfortunately no details on the randomization process was disclosed in the paper either. This may not be significant, but when reviewing the credibility of the authors claims these obvious omissions could be responsible for a flaw in this study and remains to be established. On the other hand, the methodology that has been disclosed in the paper appears sound as it addresses key areas of sample calculation (power of the study) as a superiority study with the sub groups size adequate to detect a significant difference (Greenhalgh 2004); demographics, blinding of the drugs, assessors and appropriate statistical analysis of the data therefore supporting the validity of the results claimed and the application of the results to the age of patient targeted that this literature review is aiming to find an analgesic alternative to IND for. The results concluded by Borland et al (2002), are a reduction in pain score at 10 minutes to 44.6 mm (95% confidence interval) 36.2-53.1 mm from 62.3 mm 53.2-69.4 mm (95% confidence interval) at assessment using the VAS and 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.3-3.1) at 10 minutes from 4.0 (95% confidence interval 3.3-4.7) at assessment in 16 children using WBS. Visual analogue pain scores demonstrated clinically significant reductions in pain scores by 5 minutes that persisted throughout the entire study (up to 30 minutes) for both INF and IV morphine. The second primary end point of this study (side effect profile) showed no significant change in physiological parameter of the childrens pulse or respiratory rate, blood pressure or oxygen saturations, interestingly the side affect profile chosen for monitoring such as pulse and blood pressure are not considered to be one of the primary side affects of morphine, however nausea and vomiting which are was not assessed. Ultimately, there wer e no negative side-effects and the sizeable reduction in pain scores (compared to baseline assessments) was accomplished in children using INF by 10 minutes and maintained throughout the 30 minute period with the mean INF dose at 1.5 µg/kg and ranging from 0.5-3.4  µg/kg. Interestingly 35.5% of children in the INF group only required one dose. Given the clinical equivalency of these two agents and routes the authors conclusion that INF offers the benefits of a simple painless technique for treating acute pain is substantiated. These benefits suggest that the IN route could be a valuable technique not only in an AED but also for breakthrough pain by offering a fast onset of pain control in moderate to severe painful conditions. It could also provide pain relief and allow topical anaesthetics to take effect on the skin prior to IV establishment. Therefore this may be a suitable alternative to IND. A similar and more recent double blinded RCT trial by Saunders et al (2007) claimed efficacy of a larger dosing regimen with a mean dose of 2 µg/kg INF (50 µg/ml) for pain reductions in paediatric orthopaedic trauma compared with IVM at 0.1mg/kg in 60 3-12 year old children. This study reports positive outcome for INF following both patients and carers reporting very effective pain management and satisfaction using this treatment method. However there is little information in the paper of methodology and results are given in percentages rather than a P value or NTT which should be expected in a rigorous creditable RCT of two agents (Bowling Ebrahim 2005) reducing the level of evidence applied to the paper to L3. Even supposing the results are an accurate reflection of the efficacy and safety of INF, particularly the fact that no significant difference in pain score or side effect profile and INF is a way forward, the lack of detail the randomisation process and analysis of data in the study methodology merely implies that these results maybe flawed. Interestingly given the concentration of fentanyl 50 µg/ ml a dosing volume for a 25kg child would have required one ml = 0.5ml per-nostril therefore suggesting some of the administration may have been oral rather than IN and present the issues of bad taste which is put forward as a possible study limitation by the authors. Then again there are no complications or reports on taste presented in the results and the authors conclusion on the efficacy of INF for acute pain management in children may be founded. However, without sourcing more details from the authors it cannot be considered evidence to inform this dissertations aims but merely an ex ample of poor research or appropriate omission by publishers. Further suggesting there remains a requirement for more research on the topic within double blind, equivalence, RCT focused on INF efficacy and dosing with sound methodology that is transparent in publication to answer the dissertation question. Conversely an older and more rigorous study which also looked at dose related analgesic effect between routes of administration is by Manjushree et al (2002). The authors demonstrated the clinical efficacy of INF in a cohort of 32 children (aged 4-8 yrs) in a postoperative situation and with a double blind level 1 RCT. The study design gives the impression of sound methodology as blinding, assessment and analysis of data was appropriate and available for scrutiny in the paper, particularly the analysis of both nonparametric and nominal data. The only weakness is possibly the sample size of 32 patients. Although the authors performed a power calculation which identified 40 patients to show a significant affect, they only recruited 32 patients, furthermore, this appears to be an equivalency study where the authors hypothesised INF would be equal to and not inferior to IVF therefore would have needed a larger sample to de

Biblical Worldview Essay Essay

Genesis 1 – 11 recounts the story of the Creation of the heavens, earth, and mankind, the fall of man into sin, and God’s original covenant with Moses. From these chapters in Genesis, many of the questions of life are answered for us. We learn whether there is a God, where we came from, how to tell right from wrong, and what our relationship with God should be. Genesis 1 – 11 sets down an early guide for us on how we should live our lives to honor God, how we can learn from past human errors, and how to deepen our relationship with God, all of which can help to shape our worldview. Right away in Genesis, we learn the story of creation and that God exists and created the heavens, earth, mankind, and all of the creatures that live on earth. Genesis 1:27 shows that life was created by God, stating â€Å"So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them† (NIV). This helps us learn right away the relationship to God that we have. God created us in His image and created us to be perfect. God also, however, gave us the ability to sin by giving us free will. Genesis 5:1-32 shows again that man was created by God and shows that man descended from Adam and Eve, even listing the descendants and how long they lived. By showing how God created life, man, and all the creatures on earth, Genesis helps us to understand how we should relate to Him and how we should view His creation. God created perfect humans and God created a perfect world. But He also left the ability for us to choose whether we remained perfect. One thing we definitely learn from the story of original sin in Genesis is that our God is a loving God. Once Adam and Eve had eaten the forbidden fruit, God very easily could have struck them down and started mankind over again. Instead, God allowed Adam and Eve to live on, casting them out from the Garden of Eden in Genesis 3:23. Shortly after this, we also read the story of Cain and Able, with Cain killing his brother Able. God again does not strike down the sinner, but choses to again cast Cain out from the land in which he was living. And while God could have chosen to punish Cain by making it so that he could not have children, God was loving in allowing Cain to reproduce with his wife and also allowing Adam and Eve to reproduce again, giving them another son to replace Able. God showed love by not being too harsh on the sinners. This goes helps us to form our view of God. It shows us that God is not just a loving God, but He is also a forgiving God also. Allowing mankind to carry on even after such heinous acts instead of starting over again with a more perfect species shows us that our God is a great God and we should strive to live a life that will honor His love and forgiveness. As we read further along into Genesis, we see the lineage from the time of Adam until the time of Noah. We see that sin has started to run rampant in the world before Noah’s time. But we also learn in Genesis 6:9b that â€Å"Noah was a righteous man, blameless in his generation; Noah walked with God† (NIV). This is to say that Noah was following the pathway set down before him to live a life honoring God. Because Noah was living in this way, God spared Noah. God would send a great flood to earth to destroy all of mankind. God, however, made the first covenant with Noah, saying that because of how they lived their lives, He would spare them from the flood and allow them to continue mankind’s rule over the earth. This shows us not only that there are repercussions for our sins, but that God also will love and spare those who are living in a way that honors Him. Because Noah and his family were righteous, God made another covenant with them, showing them a rainbow after the flood and making the promise to never bring such destruction upon His people again. This shows us the relationship that God had with us as humans and the value that God put in promises. It also shows what God was willing to do to our civilization as a punishment for not living a righteous life that honored Him. Although God made the covenant to never bring this destruction upon us again, we need to know the power of God and what He could do to us if He wanted. After the great flood, we see the blood lines of Noah and his family. Genesis then turns its attention to the Tower of Babel. Mankind was building a tower, hoping that it would be able to reach to heaven. But when God saw this, He decided that His people would become too content and may try to  make things too easy for themselves. He therefore created different languages for all of His people to speak and spread His people all around the earth. God wanted civilization to have many different roots and many different stories. If we were to flourish as a people, we would need to be able to spread our wings. This was the start of many different civilizations that still exist in our world today. We learn that God doesn’t want us to have one story from which to learn, He wants us to have many stories from which we can learn different lessons. Genesis 1 – 11 gives us the first guidelines for what we can expect from God and how we should try to honor Him with our lives. We learn that our God is a loving and forgiving God, that we learn that God created us in His image, that God wants us to rule over the earth, that God will spare those whom He thinks are living a life to honor Him, and that God created many different civilizations from which we can learn many different lessons. Genesis 1 – 11 is a great start to learning more about ourselves, learning more about God, and learning more about how we should view this world with which God has blessed us.

Essay on Business Advertising Affect on Society - 785 Words

Business and society Today, big companies and corporations are trying to make us buy their products by using more and more advertising techniques. TV commercials, posters on the walls, newspaper ads and a variety of different flyers are just some examples of the massive propaganda used by businesses. Some critics say that the number of this adds is so extensive that, they can change our views of life. After everyone have seen the same actor chewing the same gum while sitting in the club with three hot girls, over and aver again, people might really start thinking that chewing that gum will make them more attractive. This is the way that the creators of that ad will want us to think. The ads are not just promoting the products, but also†¦show more content†¦It has been around since the Stone Age and the mass advertisement has nothing to do with it. It is inevitable that the real life is much more different from the TV screen. This is the best proof you could possibly find that in fact we are not so much affected. The businesses are just making it easier us to reaching the goals. Serving us rather then telling us what to do. Advertisements have been around for long time. Techniques like repetition, bandwagon and many more others have been used in advertisements by almost all big businesses. Today the businesses are getting even bigger, and the competition increases. With the competition, the number of various ads is growing. It has finally come to the point when there are so many of them, that we simple pay less and less attention to what they are saying. Ignoring massive advertisement have become a skill that everyone is forced to develop in our modern society. The ads might increase in numbers and even evolve. But the time has proven that we are really good at ignoring them because otherwise we all by now would be living in the â€Å"perfect† world. On the other hand, it is still really true, that the advertisement companies are more then simple information. The products are presented as it is the best thing in the world. Since we are obviously different from cool people in the babble gum commercial is it true, that businesses can really make us so unhappyShow MoreRelatedSex in Advertising889 Words   |  4 Pagestoday is the debate of sex in advertising. Edward A. McCabe and John Carroll are two authors that present opposing arguments about this issue. McCabe persuades the reader into thinking that sex in advertising is no big deal, while Carroll explains why this is a major problem in America. Sex ads are defined as any type of advertising that shows pictures of partial nudity with wording that relates to the body in a sexual way, usually portraying women. 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Human Trafficking in Malta - 1515 Words

According to the Maltese Embassy of the United States, Malta serves as a trafficking destination for women and children who are subjected to forced labor, including in restaurants, private households and in unskilled or semi-skilled labor. With regards to our local issue, African mirgants whom are labelled as ‘irregular immigrants’ are directly being trafficked in the country’s informal labor market. Between 2003 and 2011 there were 25 reported victims 24 of which were women all of foreign dissent. Most of them arrived illegally from Russia, Ukraine and Romania, Nigeria and even China, no child victims or Maltese nationals have been reported. There has even been a case were two of these already mentioned victims have been re-trafficked†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, the Maltese Government is lacking the European minimum standards for the elimination of human trafficking even though, in the latest Action Plan the Maltese Government had set out detaile d identification guidelines and initiated intergovernmental agreements. To adopt an effective formal referral mechanism, the government has to increase funds and sources within stakeholders task force by, recruiting more personnells in the legal and psychological services, social services organisations and law enforcement officials. Even though, the Human Trafficking issue has topped parlimentary agenda last October, the government along with the Stakeholder Tak Force has not yet initiated the Human Trafficking Awareness Campaign. 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